gal ɣal verb, transitive
Motaɣaloroll fibre on the thigh into twineSee*kaloroll or twist fiber into rope
make ‹rope or twine, gaw› by rolling or twisting a vegetal fibre (typic. on o.'s thigh)
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Nie mat gal pah ne gaw livise.She had already made six ropes.
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gare ɣarə verb, transitive
POc*kaRat
Redupgeregare2sggaresike3sggarese
bite ‹s.th., s.o.›
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Nie mit garesike!It might bite you!
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ne puh geregarepincers [lit. biting fingers]
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gare gōr ɣarəɣor verb, transitive
bite overeat over ‹s.th., esp. kava gi› so as to remove the sensation of bad taste; rinse o.'s mouth out (with s.th., ē)
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Tewë të ne gi na gōone, nike si gare gōr ē ne metu, hi të ne gire.If you find the kava too bitter, you may ‘rinse your mouth out’ with some coconut or some pineapple.
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garemi ɣarəmi noun
<°ɣarame(a)-POc*(kaRa)maya
1sggaremi-k3sggaremië-ne
Anatomy
1 – man, animaltongue
2 – figfireflame
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N' ëv ni gow, ne garemi ëv ni iw…The fire burns on, and finally the flames subside…
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gat ɣat noun
<°ɣatoPOc*kato
1 – a common basket, woven out of coconut leaves, and used to carry food
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ēwe ne gat i gengëncarry (on o.'s back) a basket of food
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Nie ni ole ne gengën, ni gōen li gat mē.He took the food and stowed it in his basket.
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2 – genany kind of basket, bag, or similarly woven structure
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ne gat (i) n̄ëra bag of Canarium almonds
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ne gat i gengën ri ëvthe (woven) cupboard above the fire
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gave ɣaβə verb, intransitive
MotaɣavaPOc*kapak
Redupgevegave
bird+fly
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n' ēke gevegave[flying ship] airplane
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gaw ɣaw noun
<°ɣaweMotaɣae
Flora
1 – naturalvine, creeper, liana
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Të w' itë ne gaw të we vil ne kēnu nome vë mermēr.You need to find a liana, so as to fasten tightly your canoe.
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2 – manmaderope, string, twine; (mod) electric wire+
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Noke të ke gal ne gaw sise.I'm going to make a twine (by rolling fibres, gal).
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ligetë ne gawfasten a rope
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Gawe ɣawə locative
<°ɣaua
Geography
Gaua: the biggest island of the Banks group, south-east of the Torres
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Nihe ge vēn dën ne Gawe vēn Venielave.They were going from Gaua to Vanua Lava.
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gë1 ɣɛ
<°ˈɣaiMwotlap(a)ge-ge
Anoun
1 – thing, concrete or abstract
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ne pere gë reria tiny little thing
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📘
A more frequent word for ‘thing’ is volgë, etym. vol-gë ‘every-thing’.
vën gë
vë gë
interrogative
usually with articlewhat thingwhat
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Pa kemi na hal ne vë gë si?What are you carrying?
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Ne vën gë ve toge lione?[lit. what thing is inside] What's inside?
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Vën gë ve daie nike?[lit. what thing ‘made’ you?] What happened to you?
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si gë noun
non-referential indefinitesomething, anything
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Kemor tat' itë si gë ve toge vete k'.We haven't seen anything around here.
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2 – after negation(not…) anything; nothing
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Noke tat mene gë.I have nothing.
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NoteThe two phrases Tate gë ~ Tat mene gë, originally meaning ‘There isn't anything’, have grammaticalised as a single unit, with various meanings: ‘not be there, lack, be absent; no; don't worry; to no avail…’: Hen̄were te Lō tat-mene-gë. The people from Lo were not there.
3 – after possessive classifiersomething (to eat/drink…): default noun forming the head of possessive noun phrases, in the absence of a more specific noun head. Equiv. to Eng. possessive pronouns ‘mine, yours…’
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Nik' ole gēne gë ni gën.Give him something to eat.
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Un gom' gë qet!Drink yours [lit. your thing] first!
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MorphologyGë elides its first consonant when preceded by a 1sg classifier: go-k 'ë [ɣɔˈkɛ], mo-k 'ë [mɔˈkɛ], ne-k 'ë [nəˈkɛ].
Bsuffix-gë
a dummy suffix that combines with certain suffixable (inalienable) nouns or prepositions
SyntaxThe function of this dummy suffix is mainly, for those bound forms that require the presence of a possessor, to fill this morphological slot. Compare kilë-k ‘my back’, kilë megage verue ‘after two months’, kilë-gë ‘afterwards’.
1 – a non-productive suffix with a generic or non-specific meaning (opp. in or -ne, specific anaphoric suffixes)
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ne dedavē-gëbehaviour, custom
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taveli-gëon the other side
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2 – espa suffix that combines with kinterms when the possessor is irrelevant, e.g. when reference is made to the kin relationship itself
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Kemor na tegi-gë.We are brothers.
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-gë2 ɣɛ suffix
<°-ɣ-aɣiPOc*-akin
transitivising suffix added to certain motion verbs (vēn ‘go’, vin ‘go up’), with a comitative or instrumental meaning
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vēn-gëgo with (s.o.), lead, accompany; go with (s.th.), bring
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vin-gëgo up with (s.o.), take (s.o.) up; go up with (s.th.), bring up
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📘 Corresponds to the suffix -vë used with most verbs.
gën ɣɛn verb, transitive
POc*kani
Redupgengën
1 – eat ‹s.th.›
seego~Food possessive classifer
2 – monster+eat, devour ‹s.o.›
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Nie mat gën ne megole mē.He had already eaten her child.
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3 – figeat ‹s.o.'s days, qen̄›hold a mourning meal: have a collective meal in order to celebrate a certain number of days (5, 10, 15 or 100) after the death of s.o., as a sign of bereavement
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Heqere tutun̄we mē ge gën ne qen̄ mē.His family will hold a mourning meal in his memory [lit. they will ‘eat his days’].
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gët2 ɣɛt verb, transitive
<°ɣ(a)ˈat-iPOc*kaRatbite
gare
chew ‹kava, gi›: prepare ‹kava› by masticating it in the mouth (opp. qehih grinding it manually)
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Dōr të g' ake gët vë medediët?Are we going to soften [the kava] by chewing it?
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gëtuwē ɣɛtʉwe postverb
tuwē
(be or act) together
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Ge gengën gëtuwē.Let's eat together.
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Heqergë vetel ve tog' gëtuwē l' ēn̄we revriëv.There are three women sitting together in the kitchen.
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derivativeiu-gëtuwēhave a meeting
derivativeda-gëtuwēbe identical
gëwie ɣɛwiə adjective
1 – gens.th.good, fine; right, alright
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Na gëwie (weren̄o).That's (just) fine.
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Ni itë ne rega wë na gëwie.He found a tree that was suitable (for his purpose).
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na gëwie phrase
it's finediscourse particle indicating the shift to another topic: well, fine, okay, alright
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Na gëwie, kemi gengën!Okay, now you guys have your dinner!
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2 – after a time wordforms expressions of greeting
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Metave gëwie!Good morning!
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Lewate revrëv gëwie!Good afternoon!
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qen̄ gëwie!Goodnight! ~ Goodbye!
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3 – s.th.in good state, working properly
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Nihe mat da taterihe wulë, none kike mat gëwie.They have already fixed (the phone), now it's working [lit. it's good] again.
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4 – s.o.fine, in good health; recover (from disease)
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Nike na gëwie? – Noke na gëwie weren̄o.Are you okay? – I'm just fine.
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Nie ni un ne wuhe, tate pero nie ni gëwie.He drank some medicine, and recovered [lit. ‘he got well’] quite quickly.
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Ne ren̄ōk, sa tēmetō na vahgēt si, pa ve gëwie melun̄lun̄.My (injured) leg was massaged by an elder man, so it's slowly improving.
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5 – s.o.morally good, fair, honest
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Dedavēne na gëwie që.She still has a good character.
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Kemëm tate metegtog nihe, nawë nihe hen̄were gëwie; nihe tate hia.We don't fear them, because they are good people; they're not evil.
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gëwōn ɣɛwon
wëwōn
noun
wōndense, closed
bush, forest
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tare ne lite li wëwōncut firewood in the forest
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Noke na hikerë lilëre si li gëwōn.I've dumped it in the bush.
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N' ëv ve gow ne gëwōn ri tegetage.The forest was destroyed by a fire on the hill.
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gēde ɣeʈᶳə possessive classifier
1 incl. plural form of Food possessive classifier go~*.
gēdōr ɣeʈᶳor possessive classifier
1 incl. dual form of Food possessive classifier go~*.
gēhe ɣehə possessive classifier
3 plural form of Food possessive classifier go~*.
gēhōr ɣehor possessive classifier
3 dual form of Food possessive classifier go~*.
gēne ɣenə possessive classifier
3sg form of Food possessive classifier go~*.
gega1 ɣəɣa noun
<°ɣaˈɣasoMwotlapgagahribMotaɣasorafter
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ne gega mi ne hegëa pig's rib
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gega2 ɣəɣa adverb
Seevaɣaealways, often
often, steadily, regularly; repeatedly
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Nike vën ton pah, nike wuw gega.Once you have planted (the taro), you water it regularly.
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Ne tō vë ele gega wë nōk, tate pero të ne metave ni tōt.When the cock crows repeatedly like this, it means day is about to break.
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gego ɣəɣɔ verb, intransitive
go
angle, fish with a fishing-line and a hook
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Noke vēn ke gego li lēme.I'm going angling in the sea.
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gehgih ɣəhɣih verb, intransitive
reduplicated form of gih*
gehuh ɣəhʉh noun
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ne pehu gehuhcoconut crab's claw
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ne vegevage së i gehuhthe story of the coconut crab
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Ni hër mēse pah ne gehuh, ni rak n' ëv.As soon as he had killed the (coconut) crab, he made a fire.
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gehuwe ɣəhʉwə noun
POc*kasupe
📘 Two subspecies of rats are n' oleqō and ne viden̄ër.
gehuwe men̄emën̄e ɣəhʉwə məŋəmeŋə proper noun
Astronomy
the Whispering Ratsname of a constellation: the Pleiades
📘 Its name is said to refer to the scintillations of the stars.
gel ɣəl
Averb, intransitive
Redupgelgel
1 – genericstay, dwell
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Pene, vete pe hen̄were n̄wië ve gelgel ē.Hell is the place where Spirits dwell.
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2 – specificfind oneself somewhere, esp. for some time
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Kemëm na gel si lete mi kemëm.We've been (staying) in our garden.
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Ne n̄wië ve kur ne tēle, nie ve gel kō lete.The man-eating Ogre is here, in this house.
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Të we revraviëv, we gel pe wë ne, we gel gel gel gel…During your period of fasting, you'll just stay like this (i.e. with no activity), you'll stay on and on…
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Bauxiliary
subject normally singularauxiliary carrying aspectual meaning of Imperfective, i.e. Habitual and Progressive
📘
Like any serial verbs, gel and the following verb must agree in aspect marking. They both take either the Background aspect ve [(S) ve gel ve (V)] or Aorist aspect [e.g. for 3sg: (S) ni gel ni (V)], with no difference in meaning. With a plural subject, gel tends to be replaced by toge*
1 – marker for Habitual aspect: do s.th. habitually, keep doing s.th.
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sa pe ve gel ve salëm n' igethe guy who sells fish
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Mowe ne, nie ve gel ve vir ne lune.At that time, she used to plait her hair.
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Ne tēne ni gel ni si teltël weren̄o li merēme mēde kike.His soul will keep wandering in this world of ours.
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2 – marker for Progressive aspect: be doing s.th. (in a particular situation)
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Noke gel ke hiar ne hen̄wëvot mino vete k'.I am looking for my knife here.
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Ike rōn̄? Sa vervërvehë ve gel ve vese ne vërgage.Listen! The teacher's swearing!
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Pa ne n̄wië ne ve gel ve deda-gerë të ni rohe nihe.In fact the Ogre was trying to kill them.
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gelgil ɣəlɣil verb, intransitive
reduplicated form of gil*
gelit ɣəlit noun
<°ɣuˈlitiPOc*kulitskin; peel
3sggelisin
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Deda ne keka ne, ne gelisin weren̄o.That's not a yam, it's only its skin.
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gelit pie~ noun, relational
1sg— piek2sg— pi(e)3sg— piëne
personskin of bodyskin
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ne gelit pie-k[the skin of my body] my skin
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Tate kerekore ne gelit pie wë ne!Don't scratch your skin like that!
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gelowe ɣəlɔwə noun
<°ɣalawaMotaɣalao
left hand
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taveli gelowethe left side
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gemël ɣəmɛl noun
POc*kamali(R)
Anthropology
men's clubhouse: a collective house where men meet
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Ne gi ne, na mi heqere lilave të ge un li gemël.This kava is for the dignitaries to drink in the clubhouse.
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Ne pu heha na vehē li gemël.Several ranks are represented in a men's house.
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Ne huqe, nie ne sega toq, nie ne sega te li gemël.The system of grade hierarchy is something sacred, something that belongs to the men's clubhouse.
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gemëm ɣəmɛm possessive classifier
1 excl. plural form of Food possessive classifier go~*.
gemi ɣəmi possessive classifier
2 plural form of Food possessive classifier go~*.
gemor ɣəmɔr possessive classifier
1 excl. dual form of Food possessive classifier go~*.
gemōr ɣəmor possessive classifier
2 dual form of Food possessive classifier go~*.
gengën ɣənɣɛn
POc*kanikani
Averb, transitive
eat
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Ne gerite të ni gengën ne megole mē.The octopus wanted to eat her child.
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📘
Reduplicated form of gën*.
Bverb, intransitive
eat, have o.'s dinner
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Na gëwie, gide gengën!Fine, let's eat now!
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Nike wiēne pah qet, si w' ake gengën.One must drink kava first, and only then have their dinner.
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Cnoun
1 – root crops, starch, esp. yams, whether in raw or cooked form
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ne gengën te letefood from the garden (crops)
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Kemëm na ton ne gengën si.We've been planting food (i.e. yams+).
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Dege toge sëh të ne gengën vë howse pah.Let's wait for the food (esp. vegetables) to get cooked.
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2 – genfood
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Tat mene gengën l' ēn̄we.There's no food at home.
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seego~Food possessive classifier
3 – dinner, meal, esp. collective meal
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rak ne gengënmake the dinner
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gengën lewō noun
big mealcollective meal, feast
gepën ɣəpɛn
<°ɣabaniPNCV*kabanisail (n)
Anoun
sail
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n' ēke (i) gepën[lit. canoe of sail] sailing boat
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velvelag ē ne gepën[lit. navigate with sail] to sail
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Heqere te li venone së, nihe ge ole ne hovog ge vo ne gepën ē.Our ancestors used to weave pandanus leaves into sails.
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Bverb, intransitive
raresail, navigate on a sailing boat
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Ge rav rake ne gepën vin ri turgë, pah vēn ge gepën ē.They hoisted the sail on the mast, and began to sail.
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gerage ɣəraɣə verb, intransitive
<°ɣaˈraɣaPEO*kaRakaclimb
1 – climb up
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gerage vin ē ne gawclimb up on a rope
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Nihe ge gerage vin ri vot.They climbed up the rock.
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📘
Usually takes directional vin ‘up’.
2 – go uphill, esp. to the garden; go inland (from sea)
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Kemor gerage vin lete.We're going up to our garden.
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Nonegë nihe ve lelōl vēn vēn vēn, sise ni gerage.As they were surfing on the waves, one of them went back inland [lit. ‘climbed’].
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📘
Used as a directional verb, even when the slope is gentle and the movement actually takes place on the horizontal plane. In this case, the corresponding directional is il.
4 – figgo up, increase
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n' iē pu pah, darak' ē ne pu rav tuwtōw, ni gerage vinthe names of all ranks, starting with the first rank (the lowest), and ‘going up’
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gerake ɣərakə noun
<°ɣaˈraᵑgaMotaɣarake
Anatomy
body fat, esp. of meat
gerë ɣərɛ postverb
1 – after a verb(do s.th.) tentatively; try to
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da gerë[do tentatively] try, attempt
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📘
The meaning ‘try’ generally involves the verb dagerë*, itself from da + gerë [lit. ‘do tentatively’]
2 – after imperativemarks a polite order: please (do s.th.)
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Levlōv gerë nie te me!Try and call him/Why don't you call him?
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Vese gerë te, telefon na hia që?Please tell me, is the phone still out of order?
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Ole gerë si wingo, mi n' ëh revrav ē.Please bring me a hook and a fishing-line.
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📘
Sometimes combined with te2.
gerē~ ɣəre noun
1sggerēk3sggerēne
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Ne gerēk na memerie lione.My throat hurts inside.
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geregare ɣərəɣarə verb, intransitive
reduplicated form of gare ‘bite’
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ne puh geregarepincers [lit. biting fingers]
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geregore ɣərəɣɔrə adjective
1 – personfat
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None kike nie tate gōp pe; nie mat geregore urvë.Today she's not so skinny any more, she's got nicely fat.
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2 – animal, thingvery big, huge
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ne gehuh geregorea giant coconut-crab
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ne hen̄wë vot geregorea huge piece of rock
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gereh ɣərəh
gureh
noun, relational
RedupgergerehRedupgurgureh
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ne gereh gia root/head of kava
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ne gureh pakebanian roots
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ne gurgureh regaroots [lit. plant roots]
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📘
The roots of banyan trees are rather called its ‘vines’ (tel).
gergarōn̄ ɣərɣaroŋ verb, indirect transitive
mourn (for s.o., hi), lament the death of s.o.
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Nie ni gergarōn̄ hi ne megole mē, të mat mēt.She was mourning [for] her child, who had just passed away.
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gerite ɣəritə noun
POc*kuRita
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ne vegevage pi geritethe story of the octopus
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ne vere geritea small octopus
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Ne gerite ni gih tegerë ne ren̄ōn sa sise.Suddenly an octopus gripped tightly one of these men's legs.
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not ne geritehit a squid (to soften it)
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gesir ɣəsir verb, transitive
<°tuɣuruCf. MwotlaptigiyCf. Motatuwur
Architecture
thatch a roof: cover ‹a house, ēn̄we› with a thatch roof made of sago leaves (ēt)
gesir parehë ɣəsir parəhɛ noun
Architecture
thatch pole: horizontal light beam laid across the rafters ‹qone ②›, as support for the sago-leaves tiles of the thatch roof (ēt)
gi ɣi noun
<°ɣeaMotaɣeaPr-North°ɣayaPNCV*kawaRroot, kavaPOc*wakaR
2 – kava: a mildly narcotic drink made out of this plant, traditionally drunk by male adults, esp. inside their clubhouse (gemël*)
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Dō vēn ōr un ne gi?Shall we go drink kava?
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Tewë të nike gengën tuwtōw, ne gi tat ho daike luwō.If you eat first, you won't get the strong effects of kava.
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gide ɣiʈᶳə personal pronoun
<°ɣidaPNCV*kidaPOc*kita
First inclusive plural pronoun: we, us
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Gide ge n̄wule ge rak tegōv.Let's go back and make some pudding.
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📘
Toga form, historically more conservative, for dege.
gih ɣih verb, indirect transitive
Redupgehgih
1 – dynamicseize, grab, take hold (of s.th., ē)
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Gih ē mi ne limē!Grab it with your hand!
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Ge gil o ne keka, ge gih ē ne tel in ge rav.Once they had dug out the yam, they grabbed its vine and pulled it.
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2 – stativehave in o.'s hands, hold (s.th., ē)
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Nike të w' ake tul ne qian̄e nike ve gih ē?Will you cast that net you're holding?
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gih roqrë ɣih rɔkʷrɛ verb, transitive
1 – let go of ‹s.th.› out of o.'s hands
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Merawehih ni gih roqrë ne wuh or, ne wuh or ni laqe rake!M. let go of the oaktree's end (which he was bending down), and suddenly the tree soared up in the air.
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2 – figrelease, give away ‹secret+›
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Nihe të ge gih roqrë ne temēt mēke.They will release to you the secrets of your rank. [lit. they will let go of your Spirits]
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gih tegerë ɣih təɣərɛ verb, transitive
Redupgih tegtegerë
hold tightly ‹s.th., s.o.› in o.'s hands or arms: grip, hug
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Ne gerite ni gih tegerë ne ren̄ōn sa sise.Suddenly an octopus gripped tightly one of these men's legs.
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gil ɣil
<°ɣiliPOc*keli
Averb, transitive
Redupgelgil
1 – dig a hole in, hollow out ‹s.th.›
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gil ne tēnmake a hole in the ground
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Ni tëh pah, pah wë ne ni gil ne lione.After cutting out (its shape), he began to hollow out its inner part.
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2 – dig ‹root crops+› out of earth; hence harvest
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Nihe ge gil: gil gil gil gil gil gil gil gil gil gil gil ne keka ne, ge gil o.They began to dig the yam: they dug on and on and on… until they dug it out completely.
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gil o verb, transitive
dig removedig out ‹root crops›
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Li gat mino kike, ne keka tekële kemëm ve gil o si.In my basket here, there are a few yams we've just dug out.
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Bverb, intransitivegelgil
do the harvesting of root crops, esp. yams (keka). Designates the last stage of yam cultivation
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Nonegë ne hinēge ve rēn̄, nie ni vese të “Pa gide vē ge gelgil.”As the crops were getting ready, he said “Okay, let's go digging up!”
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gire ɣirə noun
POc*kiRe
Flora
a variety of Pandanus tree, whose leaves are improper for weaving (opp. ve2)Pandanus tectorius.
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Ne gire, dege na hen̄wehēn̄we ne tun̄ in.The gire pandanus has a juice that we like to suck.
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📘 Its sweet fruits are appreciated by children and flying-foxes.
go ɣɔ noun
<°ɣauPOc*kawil
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n' ëh go[hook string] fishing-line
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📘
The preferred term is wingo.
tultul go
tul ne go
phrasal verb
sink the hookangle, fish with a fishing-line and a hook
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Noke vēn ke tul ne go li lēme.I'm going to “sink the hook” in the sea (i.e. I'm going angling).
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go~ ɣɔ possessive classifier
POc*ka-
Grammar
possessive classifier for food possession
SyntaxSuffixed with the possessor, and immediately followed by the possessed noun (with no article): gome vetël ‘your banana (to eat)’. When used as a partitive object, the partitive si inserts between the classifier and the noun: (Ole) gome |fv{si vetël} ‘(Have) some banana(s)! [|ax{lit. Take yours some banana]}’. As a default, the dummy noun gë ‘thing’ is used: gome gë ‘your thing to eat (|ax{i.e. your food)}’. Note: the combination of 1sg go-k + gë is gok' ë [ɣɔkɛ].
1 – both dialectsclassifier for food possession: associates some edible item (possessum) with the individual who eats it (possessor)
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Ole gome si ige mino!Have some of my fish [for you to eat]!
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K' ake vē ke hiar gemi gengën.I'll go find some food for you (pl).
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2 – Lo dialectclassifier for drink possession: associates some drinkable item (possessum) with the individual who drinks it (possessor)
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Gēdōr gë magēdōr!This is ours (to drink), for just the two of us.
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Un gom' gë qet!Drink yours first!
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The Toga dialect has a specific classifier for drinks: mo~.
gok ɣɔk possessive classifier
1 sg form of Food possessive classifier go~*.
gome ɣɔmə possessive classifier
2 sg form of Food possessive classifier go~*.
gone ɣɔnə noun
Motaɣono
a conical basket trap used to catch small fish or crustaceans in fresh water
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Kemor t' ake wutë ne gone, t' ōr vilse ne rog te li pē qet.First of all we'll set a trap, so as to catch some freshwater prawns.
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gor ɣɔr verb, intransitive
POc*kaRuswim
Redupgugor
fish; person+move in water, swim
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Sise ni gor v-ag-il me helil.One of them swam back up towards the coast.
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Pa n' ige ni ven̄kë ne wingo, pah vēn ni gor lëre.Then the fish let go of the hook, and swam astray.
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gow ɣɔw
Averb, intransitive
fire n' ëvburn; esp. burn normally, with neither big flames nor smoke (vs. lewelawe ‘burn brightly’)
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Pah wë ne, n' ëv ni gow, ne garmi ëv ni iw.At this point the fire starts to ‘burn’ (i.e. burn normally), that is, the big flames subside.
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Bverb, transitive
fire n' ëvconsume, burn ‹s.th., s.o.›
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N' ëv na gow si ne gëwōn ri tegetage.The forest on the hill got caught in a fire. [lit. A fire burnt the forest]
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N' iëv ni gow gow gow, ni gow lilëre n' en̄we, ni gow pelage rue hōr.The fire kept on burning, eventually destroying [lit. burn disappear] all the houses and killing [burning] the two friends.
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gōen ɣoən verb, transitive
<°ɣon-iMotasoɣonpack, stow+
1 – put away, stow ‹s.th.› into a container (basket+)
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Nie ni hō rake ne wehale, ni gōen li gat.He seized a tuber and put it into his basket.
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2 – fill ‹a container› with one or several objects
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Nihe ge gōen ne kēnu sise, gōen gōen gōen gōen gōen vēn vēn, ne tēle ni wure.They began to fill the canoe (with objects and men) so much that there soon was no room for anyone else.
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gōet ɣoət noun
long traditional knife carved out of wood and designed to cut the nalōt cake
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ne gōet, të ge siv nalōt ēa wooden knife (gōet) for slicing nalot
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gōone ɣoɔnə adjective
PNCV*konabitter
food, drink+salty, bitter, tasting bad
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Tewë të ne gi na gōone, nike si gare gōr.If you find kava tastes bad, you can eat something.
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ne pē-gōone noun
salty watersea water, sea
gōp ɣop adjective
s.o.thin, skinny
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Nie na gōp hia.She's too skinny.
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gōp lëre adjective
skinny disappearextremely skinny (so skinny that one almost disappears)
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Mowe tuwtōw, mowe nike vë revraviëv wë ne, nike të w' ake gōp lëre.In olden days, every time you would fast like that, you would end up being extremely skinny.
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gōr ɣor postverb, transitive
Pr-North°ɣoroPNCV*korosurround, cover, obstruct ; shelter, enclosure
2sggeroke2sgguroke3sggerō3sggurō
a transitivising postverb, whose function is to present a verb (whether stative or active) as a way to cover or surround or hide or block or protect or forbid or oppose ‹s.th., s.o.›
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Follows immediately a verb. It is normally written as a separate clitic (e.g. da gōr); but when the combination [V+gōr] is clearly lexicalised, the postverb is sometimes treated typographically as a suffix (da-gōr) or even as part of the same word (dagōr). Possible glosses of gōr in English, syntactically similar though semantically too restrictive, may be ‘over’ or ‘across’
1 – (be or act) so as to cover or wrap or surround ‹s.th.›; hence over or round
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Ge mok gōr ne lugu ē ne horega.We'll cover [lit. lay over] the oven with leaves.
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Ge wo gōr (ne hinēge) ē ne hova, pah wë ne, ge ret gōr ē ne hogrie.They wrap up [lit. wrap round] (the food) with banana-leaves; and then, they fasten it [lit. tie round] with leaves of cordyline.
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Ne liove ni lōl lōl lōl vēn vēn, vēn gōr ne qetune, ni mēt.The tide rose, rose, rose, so much that it eventually went over his head, and he died.
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2 – (be or act) so as to physically impede access to ‹s.th.›, whether intentionally or not: block, obstruct, be in the way, hide
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Resiga ni mok gōr ne metë-qerēn̄e.She blocked [lit. laid across] the entrance (with a stone).
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Ne rega luwō v' in gōr ne mesale.There's a big tree blocking [lit. lying across] the road.
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Noke ve heghag gōr (ne hen̄wëvot mino) të si tēle mit venēg.I sit on [lit. sit across] (my knife) so that nobody steals it.
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3 – (be or act) so as to intentionally keep ‹s.th., s.o.› away from outsiders: protect, defend ‹s.o.›; keep ‹s.th.› private or secret or taboo; put a ban on ‹s.th.›
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da-gōr ne gehuhput a ban on coconut crabs
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da-gurō ne n̄welen̄wēlemake downpayment on a woman (so as to reserve her as o.'s wife-to-be)
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Hen̄were temtēmetō na mesiw gōr ne volgë i huqe.The elders keep initiation rituals secret.
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4 – (be or act) so as to stop ‹s.o.› from acting: prevent, forbid, prohibit
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Marenage mat tu-gerō hōr.The chief has already stopped [lit. stood-across] them (from arguing).
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Ne tën petpit ve pit gurō noke.The barrier log is stopping me (from going any further).
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5 – (be or act) as a reaction to ‹s.th.›, so as to stop or counter its effects
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gare gōr (ne gi)[lit. eat over kava] rinse o.'s mouth after drinking kava
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gōr n̄wet ɣorŋʷət verb, transitive
Motaɣorocut, cut round
cut ‹s.th.› with a sharp implement
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Nie ni gōr n̄wet ne tukone.Then she cut off his umbilical cord.
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gugor ɣʉɣɔr verb, intransitive
reduplicated form of gor ‘swim’