na1 na
PNCV*nau
Apersonal pronoun
Grammar
I: First singular inde|{-}pen|{-}dent pronounmoi: pronom personnel indépendant, 1ère p. singulier
| Na r̄aju.I am a man. |
| Na, ta jo mule na pa varai-a nia.As for me, when dad comes back, I will tell him everything!Moi, quand papa rentrera j'irai tout lui dire! |
| Na na sa na var̄i-a jara-m.I am coming to replace you.Moi je viens pour te remplacer. |
Bsubject prefix
I: First singular Subject personal pronoun, associated to Irrealis moodje: pronom personnel sujet 1ère p. singulier, associé au mode Irrealis
| Na ljengi-ko!I am going to hit you!Je vais te frapper ! |
| Jo re na m̈aji, na pa avu.If I were a bird, I would fly.Si j'étais un oiseau, je volerais. |
| Na lpo si na lesi-a r̄a.Let me try and see him.Je vais essayer de l'apercevoir. |
| Na pa m̈ar̄e sohe sa?How shall I die?De quelle façon mourrai-je? |
see-ku
-na na
-no
possessive suffix
POc*-ña
Grammar
his, her, its: 3rd singular possessive suffixsa, son: suffixe possessif 3ème singulier
| Mo m̈ar̄e, huri-na prongo peresi-a sui-na.He was dead, with nothing more than his skin on his bones.Il était mort, et n'avait plus que la peau sur les os. |
| Mo var̄i-a no-no rip̈a, no-no sip̈a, m̈aja, huren-i-a lo aka-na.He took his axe, his knife and his club and put them into his canoe.Il prit sa hache, son couteau, sa massue, et les mit dans sa pirogue. |
| Mo r̄ai-a asi-na, mo r̄ai-a jam̈a-na, mo r̄ai-a evua-na, laku-na.He cut the ropes (of his canoe), made its outrigger, carved its central yoke and its little pegs.Il fabriqua les liens (de sa pirogue), en fabriqua le balancier, en tailla le joug central, et les petites fourches. |
| Ranga viha mo lar̄e hase-na.The branch of the tree broke by itself (was not brought about by anyone).La branche de l'arbre s'est cassée toute seule. (ce n'est l'action de personne) |
naho naho noun, relational
PNCV*nakoPOc*nakon
Anatomy
facevisage, face
| Mo klav̈as mo les naho-n r̄ap̈ala-na.He raised his eyes and recognised the face of his friend.Il leva les yeux et reconnut le visage de son ami. |
| Asvohinao, nia mo posi-a naho-na mo m̈a sohe naho-m.Asvohinao (devil) can change his face to look like you.Asvohinao (démon), il sait transformer son visage pour lui donner l'apparence du tien. |
naho m̈asanga naho n̼asaŋa noun
Fish
forked faceOrangespine unicornfish, bsl. Yeloteil strong sikin: reef fish, 30 cmvisage fourchuNason bariolé (angl. Orangespine unicornfish), poisson récifal, 30 cmNaso lituratus.
naivou~ naiβou noun, relational
Kin
Ego Mwife
| naivou-ku murumy first wifema première femme |
| naivou-ku par̄ahu / v̈aha-ruamy second wifema seconde femme |
| Nia mo lolokoru nira-n naivou-na.He is cross at his wife.Il est en colère contre sa femme. |
AnthropologyFor customary laws regarding widows, see elua~ and r̄oha~. The hierarchy rule for a second husband is: r̄oha~ > r̄asi~ > elua~.
antonymr̄ua~
nak nak verb, transitive
trnaki-
1 – strike ‹s.o., s.th.›, hitfrapper (qqn, qqch), donner un ou plusieurs coup(s) sur
| R̄as mo m̈a mo nak-i-a p̈ilo-n huir̄a.The sea would come back and strike the octopus's head.La mer revenait frapper le crâne du poulpe. |
synonymljeng
2 – figkava, alcohol+intoxicate, have a strong effect upon ‹s.o.›figkava, alcool+avoir un effet sur, enivrer ‹qqn›
| Nam rongo hae mo nak-i-á.I feel the effect of kava [lit. I feel kava is hitting me].Je sens l'effet du kava. |
3 – hit ‹s.o.› with the intention of hurting or killing him; strike deadfrapper ‹qqn› dans le but de lui faire mal ou de le tuer ; tuer en frappant
| R̄aju nohosu ha pa nak-i-a, ha pa nak-i-a lo vuro vo r̄e hina sohe-na.This man is going to be killed; he'll be killed in a fight or something like that.Cet homme se fera tuer ; il sera tué au cours d'un combat, ou quelque chose de ce genre. |
nam nam subject prefix
Grammar
I: First singular Subject personal pronoun, associated to Realis moodje, moi: pronom personnel sujet 1ère p. singulier, associé au mode Realis
| Nam avulai vutiana nam tapai-ko.I am really happy to have met you. |
| Nam je levsei rongo-ko.I can't hear you.Je ne peux pas t'entendre. |
| O kan kore-i-á! — Nam je kore-i-ko.Don't you lie to me! — I am not lying to you.Ne me mens pas ! — Mais je ne te mens pas. |
| Nam jom̈i.I'm sorry!Désolé ! |
seena ①
nanovi nanoβi adverb
PNCV*nanovi
yesterdayhier
| Nanov nam rongo r̄aju mo hese mo var̄i-a ver̄e nohoni.Yesterday, I heard someone else sing the same song (as you). |
antonymp̈aivuho
naprongo napɾoŋo adverb
1 – +Realisalthough+Realisbien que
| Naprongo mo usa, pla-ku per̄a mo je m̈au.Although it does/did rain, my taro is not growing properly.Bien qu'il pleuve, mes taros ne poussent pas bien. |
2 – +Irrealiseven if+Irrealismême si
naprongo vara subordinator
+Irrealisalthough ifeven if+Irrealissi quoiquemême si
| Naprongo vara jo usa, pla-m per̄a jo je levse m̈au.Even if it rains, your taro won't be able to grow properly.Même s'il pleuvait, ton taro ne pourrait pas se développer. |
synonymnaprongo
nar̄u~ naru noun, relational
PNCV, POc*natu-
1 – Ego M/Fchild of (s.o.)Ego H/Fenfant de (qqn)
| Nko pa je lahi jo je r̄e nar̄u-m.You will not marry nor will you have any children.Tu ne te marieras pas et n'auras point d'enfant. |
| Ran mo hese, r̄aju nanar̄u-ra mo r̄oho r̄o lo ima.One day, the people had left their children at home.Un jour, les gens avaient laissé leurs enfants à la maison. |
3 – Ego Fsister's childEgo Fenfant de la sœur
naur̄a naura noun
place / island (?)endroit / île (?)
Naur̄a-lap̈a placename
Geo
the big islandthe island of Espiritu Santo, the largest island in the regionle grand paysl'île d'Espiritu Santo, la plus grande île de la région
| Mo velu, rai nohosu mo r̄oho r̄o Naur̄a-Lap̈a mo rongo leo-ro r̄o.They dance, and the people of Santo hear their voices.Ils dansent, et ceux qui habitent Santo entendent leur voix. |
| mara Naur̄a-Lap̈athe people of Santoles habitants de Santo |
📙 Synonyme de "continent" pour les insulaires d'Araki.
📘 Corresponds to the "mainland" for Araki islanders.
ne ne deictic
Grammar
first degree demonstrative
nene nene
nene-n
deictic
ni~1 ni
ini~
hini~
preposition, verb-like
Grammar
preposition marking an oblique relation: at, to, towards+à, pour ; préposition introduisant certains compléments indirects
| Mo var̄i-a ra-holo mo plan-i-a kaur̄a hinia.(after storing breadfruit) They take coconut palms and throw them over it.(après avoir déposé le fruit-à-pain) on prend des palmes de cocotiers et on les jette dessus. |
| Nam varai-ko r̄o ini-a.I have told you about her. |
| (hi)n-r̄e ranione day... |
| Mo var̄i-a mo r̄ai-a aka ni-a.He took (the taro stem) and carved a canoe out of it.Il prit donc (la tige de taro) et s'y tailla une pirogue. |
| M̈ar̄a r̄ungana hosu mo lesles te ni-ra.Since that time, they have been hating each other. [lit. looking bad at them]Et depuis ce temps-là, ils se considèrent comme des ennemis |
-ni2 ni
-n
suffix
POc*ni
Grammar
construct suffix: always followed by a noun phrase referring to possessorsuffixe génitival, annonçant un Synt.agme nominal référant au possesseur, quel qu'en soit le nombre (sg/pl). Ce possesseur doit être animé: humain ou animal
| kam̈am povi rai vunguvungu-ni Moliall of us, Moli's familynous tous, la famille de Moli |
| Paua no-n NgorGod's power |
| Mara hetehete mo sohe-n r̄ar̄na-na.The child looks like his mother.Le petit ressemble à sa mère. |
| Aka ri mo jolo, aka-n hariv.The boat sank, Mr Rat's boat. |
| sorosoro m̈ar̄a-n Raki hosuthis story about Araki...cette histoire au sujet d'Araki... |
📘 The possessor is normally human (or a personified animal), or a place name.
see-na
-ni3 ni
-n
suffix
Grammar
Assertive suffix, found on demonstratives
| O kan var̄i-a sule v̈ahasu, o var̄i-a nene-n !Don't take that stone over there, (you'd better) take this one! |
📘 Seems to be mainly compatible with affirmative clauses (hence its tag as 'Assertive').
nia nia personal pronoun
Grammar
he, she: 3rd singular independent pronounil, elle: pronom personnel indépendant, 3ème p. singulier
| R̄aju mo v̈ei-ko, nia Supe.He who created you is God.L'être qui t'a créé, c'est Dieu. |
| Nia mo le sua mo v̈a lo ima-na.As for him, he went back home.Quant à lui, il s'en retourna dans sa maison. |
nija niʧa personal pronoun
Grammar
we (Inclusive): First inclusive plural independent pronounnous (Inclusif): pronom personnel indépendant, 1ère p. pluriel inclusif
| Nija p̈aivuho!Good bye! [we tomorrow]Au revoir ! [nous demain] |
seejam ①
niko niko
nko
inko
personal pronoun
PNCV*nigo
Grammar
you: Second singular independent pronountu, toi: pronom personnel indépendant, 2ème p. singulier
| Nko r̄ap̈alam̈am.You are our friend. |
| Inko hosu nanov om litovi-á?So it was you who offended me yesterday?C'est donc toi qui m'a outragé hier? |
| Niko mo je r̄e monohi-m!You have no brain! (you are silly)Tu n'as pas de tête ! tu es bête ! |
| Vi-p̈aka mo re nko pa moli, niko pa r̄aju lap̈a.The banyan means that you will become a chief, an important person.Le banian est signe que tu seras chef, que tu seras un homme important. |
nira1 niɾa
nra
personal pronoun
Grammar
they: 3rd plural independent pronounils, elles: pronom personnel indépendant, 3ème p. pluriel
| Nira mo m̈ar̄e jeje.They are dead for good.Ils sont morts pour toujours. |
| Nra mo heli-a koko lo jar̄auta.They dig a hole on the shore. |
| M̈aji mo avuavu nra povi.The birds flew away, all of them.Les oiseaux prirent tous leur envol. |
nira~2 niɾa preposition, noun-like
1 – with, together with ‹s.o.›avec (qqn). Préposition d'accompagnement
| R̄aju hosun mo r̄oho kia nira-n venar̄u-na.This man was living there with his wife.Cet homme habitait là avec sa fille. |
| Nira-n ver̄asi-na, nira mo jolo mo m̈ar̄e.lit. Together with her younger sister, they sank and died. |
2 – against, at ‹s.o.›...
| Raki mo v̈alum nira-ni Tumepu.So Araki struggled with Tumepu.L'île d'Araki se battit contre (la montagne) Tumepu. |
| Nia mo lolokoru nira-n naivou-na.He is cross with his wife.Il est en colère contre sa femme. |
3 – inside NPwith, and
| P̈ir̄a hetehete mo hese nira-n ver̄oha-na.There was a small girl with/and her older sister. |
| Hariv nira-n huir̄a mo meresai.The rat and [lit. with] the octopus are enemies.Le rat et la pieuvre sont des ennemis. |
| Na pa sorosoro m̈ar̄a-n Siho nira-n Hatou.I'm going to tell the story of the Kingfisher and the Hermit-crab.Je vais raconter l'histoire ... |
| Nam sovi R̄al nira-n Pen r̄o.I am waiting for Ralph and Ben. |
seer̄olu
no~1 no possessive classifier
POc*na
Grammar
general Possessive classifier for inalienable possessionClassificateur Possessif général
| no-ku rurumy clothes |
| no-m lahiyour wedding |
| no-no tahis father |
| Paua no-n NgorGod's power |
| Mo var̄i-a no-no rip̈a, no-no sip̈a, m̈aja, huren-i-a lo aka-na.He took his axe, his knife and his club and put them into his pirogue.Il prit sa hache, son couteau, sa massue, et les mit dans sa pirogue. |
no-2 no
ne-
prefix
prefix found on demonstratives: e.g. no-honi, no-hosu, and probably ne-ne.
| No-hosu jo olom̈a, ne-ne jo olom̈a, ne-ne jo olom̈a!Let that one bow his head, let this one bow his head! |
📘 Its effect seems to make it compatible with the NP-head position (similar to Eng. 'one' in 'this one'), although it appears in other positions too.
nr̄e ran nre ɾan adverb
1 – one day, in the future (vs. lo ran mo hese "one day, in the past")
| Nr̄e ran jo pa v̈anov̈ano, jo lesi-a se jo pa v̈anov̈ano vila.One day we'll have a race, and we'll see who's the faster!Un jour, nous ferons la course, et nous verrons bien qui avance (le plus) vite ! |
nunu nunu noun, relational
PNCV*nunu-ashadow, image, soulPOc*nunu
nuru nuɾu
nur
verb, intransitive
dive, jump in the waterplonger, sauter dans l'eau
| Mo sivo mo nur lo r̄asi, mo sivo mo var̄i-a pallaje.He ran down the slope and dived into the sea, looking for coral.Il dévala la pente et plongea dans la mer, où il alla chercher du corail. |
ngalsu ŋalsu noun, relational
PNCV*ganisu (?)
Anatomy
nose
| ngalsu-kumy nosemon nez |
| koko ngalsu-nahis nostrilsses narines |
ngavulu ŋaβulu
ngavul
numeral
POc*sa-ŋapulu(q)ten
foll. by a numeralten times, tens. Forms all multiples of ten in counting, except for "ten" sa-ngavulu
| r̄aju mo ‹sa-ngavulu›ten people |
| r̄aju mo ‹sa-ngavulu› jomana mo ruatwelve (10+2) people |
| r̄aju mo ‹ngavul rua›twenty (10×2) people |
| r̄aju mo ‹ngavul r̄olu› mo hesethirty-one (10×3 + 1) people |
| r̄aju mo ‹ngavul sa-ngavulu› mo sa-ngavulua hundred and ten (10×10 + 10) people |
ngingisa ŋiŋisa verb, intransitive
PNCV*ŋisaPOc*ŋiŋis
grin, smilesourire, montrer les dents
| Kam̈im po ha ngingisa, ha ngingisa na lesi hojo-m̈im.Smile everybody, so that I see your teeth.Vous tous, faites un grand sourire, afin que je voie vos dents. |
ngisa ŋisa
angisa
interrogative
PNCV*ŋaʔisaPOc*ŋaican
when, what timequand, à quel moment
| Jo re jo v̈a m̈ar̄a-n r̄e jara, o pa kaka (a)ngisa?If we left from the same spot, when will you arrive (the other side)?En supposant que nous partirions d'un même point, quand arriveras-tu (de l'autre côté)? |
ngoringori ŋoɾiŋoɾi noun, relational
PNCV*ŋoriedge, upper lip
Anatomy
upper lip, place between nose and upper lipintervalle entre lèvre et nez ; moustache
| ngoringori-kumy upper lip |
ngoro ŋoɾo verb, intransitive
PNCV, POc*ŋorasnore, grunt, breathe
sleep, be asleep
| Kam̈am r̄apuro r̄olu kam̈a sivo ngoro.The three of us are going to sleep.Nous trois, nous allons nous coucher. |
| Nam r̄e ngoro mo iso.I have slept already. |
| Nanovi nam ngoro lo ep̈a nene.Yesterday I slept on this mat.Hier j'ai dormi sur cette natte. |